关键词: 行波测量, 双层优化, 故障定位, 改进遗传算法, 分支定界法

Abstract: Aiming at optimizing the installation position of measurement devices in traveling wave fault location of power systems, a dual layer optimization configuration method for traveling wave detection devices based on improved genetic algorithm (IGA) and branch and bound (B&B) method is proposed to solve the collaborative optimization problem of economy and reliability in power systems. The upper level model aims to minimize the installation cost of the device, considering budget and anti-interference constraints. The lower level model maximizes fault detection coverage under a given layout and embeds a dynamic adjustment layer to achieve full line detection coverage. By combining improved genetic algorithm and branch and bound method, the optimal layout scheme is solved to reduce the influence of communication delay on the model, accelerate the convergence speed of the model in non ideal scenarios, and achieve dynamic feedback correction between levels. The validation experiment results based on IEEE 39 node system show that this method reduces equipment cost by 24.5% and coverage fluctuation by 2.46% compared with traditional optimization methods under the premise of ensuring a 95% fault detection rate, and demonstrates strong robustness.

Key words: traveling wave measurement, dual layer optimization, fault location, improved genetic algorithm, branch and bound method