Table of Content

25 August 2025, Volume 45 Issue 4

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Expert Column：Electric Power Prevention and Reduction

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Review of Research Advances in Fire Prevention Technology for High Voltage Cable

DUAN Xiaoli, SUN Ding, LIU Sanwei, YU Ting, FAN Xiangyu, DUAN Jianjia

2025, 45(4):  1-9.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.001

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The paper reviews the latest research progress in fire prevention technologies for high-voltage cables, discusses the technologies and methods in fire-resistant materials, fire safety of cable accessories, external fire protection, and fire safety design, and looks forward to the future development directions of fire safety technologies for high-voltage cables, providing references for research and practice in the field of cable fire safety.

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Improved Decision Tree Prediction Method for Electric Vehicle Charging Pile Failure Considering Typhoon Impact

ZENG Weijie, CUI Zezheng, YIN Huaping, SHEN Liman, LIU Mouhai, ZHENG Wenlin

2025, 45(4):  10-14.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.002

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In order to improve the operational reliability of electric vehicle charging piles under typhoon weather, an improved charging pile fault prediction method integrating typhoon influence factors is proposed. First, the charging pile data is preprocessed. Secondly, in view of the insufficient prediction performance of the traditional C4.5 decision tree algorithm under the feature coupling effect, meteorological attributes are introduced and the feature selection strategy is optimized based on the information gain ratio to reduce the interference of inter-attribute correlation on classification accuracy. Finally, the analysis of the example results shows that the accuracy of this algorithm is improved by 21% compared with the traditional algorithm, which verifies the optimization effect of the introduction of typhoon influence factors on the performance of the prediction model.

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Risk Assessment of Urban Power Distribution Equipment Under Rain and Flood Hazards

WU Changjiang, LI Zhiqiang, LI Bin, YUAN Guoqing, ZHU Jing, SU Sheng

2025, 45(4):  15-20.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.003

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Urban power distribution equipment with small power supply radius and insufficient site selection flexibility is prone to flooding and power outage in rain and flood disasters. Taking Zhuzhou city as an example, a risk assessment method for urban power distribution equipment is proposed. First of all, the short-term rainfall of one in many years is calculated by combining the formula of heavy rainfall intensity in the target area, and the inundation range and inundation depth of different recurrence periods are obtained by simulation based on the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Then, the risk assessment of the study area is carried out by combining the design standards of ground power distribution equipment, and different areas are classified into risk levels. A map of the inundation risk level of power distribution equipment in Zhuzhou city is drawn to identify the weak areas of the urban power grid. The study can provide a quantitative basis for the development of differentiated protection strategies for the urban power grid system, as well as scientific support for resilience enhancement of power facilities under extreme rainstorm disasters.

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Influence of Fluorination Treatment on Surface Performance of Liquid Silicone Rubber

LI Dong, ZHU Zhien, GAO Kai, ZENG Hao, CHEN Longxiao

2025, 45(4):  21-26.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.004

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In order to improve the surface characteristics of high-voltage composite bushings, two commercial liquid silicone rubbers are fluorinated using F₂/N₂ mixed gas. The electrical properties, physical and chemical properties, and hydrophobicity of the two liquid silicone rubber samples before and after fluorination are tested. The results shows that the DC flashover voltages of the two silicone rubber samples after fluorination have increased by more than 50% and 30% respectively. The two silicone rubber samples present different surface potential decay characteristics after fluorination. The surface conductivity of both is increased by 1~2 orders of magnitude, and the bulk conductivity does not change significantly. The increase in surface conduction caused by fluorination can accelerate the surface potential decay. Through ATR-IR analysis and SEM observation, C—F bonds are formed in the surface layer of the fluorinated samples, and micro-nano structuring appears on the surface of the fluorinated layer. The hydrophobicity test indicats that fluorination significantly has improved the hydrophobicity of the two liquid silicone rubber samples. Therefore, fluorination treatment is an effective means to enhance the surface performance of liquid silicone rubber used in high-voltage composite bushings.

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Study on Snow Flash Characteristics Under Horizontal Arrangement of DC Composite Bushing

WAN Xiaodong, YAO Tao, LI Jin, JIA Ru, CAI Lin

2025, 45(4):  27-31.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.005

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After the DC composite through-wall bushing in the converter station is covered with snow, flashover may occur, causing power outages. This article presents a horizontal arrangement of contaminated composite hollow bushing in a large artificial climate laboratory, and conducts snow-covering flashover tests under direct current voltage. The results show that 50% withstand voltoage (U₅₀) obtained by using a non-charged snow melting pressurization method is about 6.8% lower than U₅₀ obtained by using a charged snow melting pressurization method. The U₅₀ under the DC voltage of the snow-covered bushing decreases with the increase of salt density, but its characteristic index α is lower than the index obtained from the pollution test. When the salt density is 0.1mg/cm², the U₅₀ gradient under the horizontal arrangement of the snow-covering composite bushing is close to that under weak hydrophobicity of the contaminated bushing.

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GA-PSO Hybrid Optimization Method for Substation Site Selection Under Constraint of Flood Storage and Detention Areas

LEI Chuanli, LUO Huiping, TANG Waiwen, HE Liang, LI Jun, LIU Aijun, YIN Dike, LIU Gongjie

2025, 45(4):  32-38.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.006

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In the process of site selection and planning for substations in flood storage and detention areas, multi-source substations mainly use combination calculation to achieve site selection optimization, resulting in low efficiency in global search and insufficient economic efficiency. To this end, a GA-PSO hybrid optimization method for substation site selection considering the constraints of flood storage and detention areas is proposed, and relevant design and performance analysis are carried out. By analyzing regional hydrological and meteorological data, low-risk areas for site selection are determined, and the power load intensive range of substations is delineated according to the electricity demand of users in the area. By analyzing the overlap between areas with low hydrological risk and areas with high power load, the computable domain is determined and grid division is carried out. Taking the hydro meteorological conditions of the flood storage and detention area as constraints, multiple candidate sites are marked at the grid division. The GA-PSO algorithm is integrated to calculate the individual fitness of each candidate site, and hybrid optimization filtering operations such as selection, crossover, and variation are carried out according to the fitness to achieve the initial site selection planning objectives. The information and data of the initial planning site are updated, and continuously trained and iterated to screen out the site with the highest comprehensive fitness as the planning goal to complete site selection and optimization. The experimental results show that after applying the proposed method, the construction cost of the planned substation is controlled below 3 million yuan in each cycle, which is highly economical.

Source-Grid Coordination & Energy Conversion and Utilization

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Dual-Dimensional Improved VSG Control Strategy for Multiphase Wind Power System Based on MMC

ZHANG Wei, LI Jianying, ZHONG Ding’ai, ZHANG Mai, CHENG Zhun

2025, 45(4):  39-48.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.007

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Focusing on the multiphase wind power generation system based on modular multilevel converter (MMC), this paper studies the insufficient frequency regulation ability and power oscillation caused by the lack of moment of inertia of traditional MMC, and proposes a dual-dimensional improved VSG control strategy. The frequency output characteristics are optimized through the real-time compensation mechanism of active power deviation. A parameter dynamic adjustment strategy based on the operating conditions is designed to realize the adaptive matching of active power-frequency control parameters, which effectively suppresses power oscillation and frequency fluctuation in the transient process. A simulation model is built based on MATLAB/Simulink platform. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy has better effect in terms of dynamic response speed and frequency stability compared with the traditional control method.

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Status and Responses of Coal-Fired Power Low-Carbon Transformation Path Under “Dual Carbon” Goal in China

HUANG Xiuxing, LI Qiaoyun, WEI Wenye, YANG Mei, HUANG Rubin, LI Hui

2025, 45(4):  49-55.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.008

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Biomass co-firing, green ammonia co-firing, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) have been identified as the three key pathways for the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power. However, the practical promotion and application of these technologies is facing multiple constraints. For instance, biomass co-firing is limited by the volatility of raw material supply and the lack of boiler adaptability, green ammonia co-firing is economically unfeasible due to the high cost of green ammonia production, and CCUS is hindered by energy consumption and the lack of a CO₂ utilization market. To address these difficulties, this paper proposes optimization countermeasures for the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power from three dimensions: technological innovation, economic optimization, and policy synergy. It aims to synergistically promote the application of biomass co-firing, green ammonia co-firing and CCUS, facilitating the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power.

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Optimal Scheduling Method of Active Distribution Network Considering Source-Load Bilateral Uncertain Boundary

XIA Tianyu, NIU Huan, WEN Yujie, AI Zishuo, RUI Shuling

2025, 45(4):  56-63.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.009

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In order to realize the safe and economic operation of active distribution networks, an optimal scheduling method considering the uncertainty boundaries of both source and load sides is proposed. Firstly, the uncertainty of renewable energy output and the system standby constraint boundary relationship are established on the power side, while consumer psychology models and the concept of normal cloud on the load side are used to uniformly describe the demand side response and response boundary uncertainty. Then, an active distribution network scheduling model incorporating wind power, photovoltaic power generation, battery energy storage, and flexible loads is constructed to achieve coordinated optimization of source-grid-load-storage. Finally, the case analysis verifies that the proposed optimization method can effectively reduce scheduling costs, improve the capacity of renewable energy consumption, alleviate the pressure on higher level scheduling, and enhance the safety and economy of distribution network operation.

Power Grid Operation and Control

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A Summary of Research on Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Wave Detection Technology for Power Poles

XU Ke, CHE Songtao, TANG Yulong, WANG Kai

2025, 45(4):  64-73.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.010

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The health status of the in-service poles is of great significance to ensure the stable operation of the power system. In this context, the application history and current situation of ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic wave technology in the field of pole detection are summarized and its potential value in practical application is discussed. Based on the characteristics of strong penetration and high resolution of UWB electromagnetic wave, the principle and application prospect of a new type of pole detection scheme and its device are discussed. Considering the UWB electromagnetic wave pole measurement technology as a radar imaging technology, its advantages and challenges in the detection of the internal structure of the pole are discussed. Finally, this paper looks forward to the future development direction of UWB electromagnetic wave technology in pole detection, including the expansion of integration, intelligence, big data analysis and other fields.

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A Hybrid-Driven Method of Knowledge Guidance and Unsupervised Learning for Power Users Anomaly Discrimination

LYU Weijia, LI Xiaohui, TENG Yongxing, CHEN Juan, MEN Yingjun, DU Tianshuo

2025, 45(4):  74-82.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.011

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In view of the problems of high manual annotation cost and limited data feature representation ability of traditional rule-based detection methods, a hybrid model for anomaly detection of power users that integrates knowledge guidance and unsupervised learning is proposed. First, a multi-dimensional load characteristic index system containing load rate, peak-to-valley difference rate and other features is constructed based on power consumption behavior analysis, and principal component analysis is used to realize feature extraction and visualization of high-dimensional data. Then, the abnormal deviation degree of users' power consumption modes and abnormal probability of spatial distribution are quantified by reconstruction error and local outlier factor algorithm respectively. Secondly, the abnormality degree and suspected probability of users' power consumption behavior are ranked, so that most abnormal users can be found by detecting only a few users with high abnormality degree. Finally, the proposed method is verified by small and large data sets respectively in the case analysis. The results show that the AUC score of this method can reach 0.8251, which has significant superiority. In addition, this method can not only effectively identify abnormal users, but also reduce the false alarm rate and improve the accuracy of detection, providing an efficient and reliable power consumption anomaly analysis tool for power companies.

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Dual Layer Optimization Configuration Method for Traveling Wave Detection Device Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm and Branch ＆ Bound Method Algorithm

SUN Xiaomin, WEN Zhichao, XIE Haonan, WU Hongyao, SONG Dongran

2025, 45(4):  83-89.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.012

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Aiming at optimizing the installation position of measurement devices in traveling wave fault location of power systems, a dual layer optimization configuration method for traveling wave detection devices based on improved genetic algorithm (IGA) and branch and bound (B&B) method is proposed to solve the collaborative optimization problem of economy and reliability in power systems. The upper level model aims to minimize the installation cost of the device, considering budget and anti-interference constraints. The lower level model maximizes fault detection coverage under a given layout and embeds a dynamic adjustment layer to achieve full line detection coverage. By combining improved genetic algorithm and branch and bound method, the optimal layout scheme is solved to reduce the influence of communication delay on the model, accelerate the convergence speed of the model in non ideal scenarios, and achieve dynamic feedback correction between levels. The validation experiment results based on IEEE 39 node system show that this method reduces equipment cost by 24.5% and coverage fluctuation by 2.46% compared with traditional optimization methods under the premise of ensuring a 95% fault detection rate, and demonstrates strong robustness.

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Application Analysis of Automatic Detection Technology for Insulation Defects in Distribution Network Cables

WANG Tuo, LI Yongpeng

2025, 45(4):  90-95.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.013

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In order to achieve automatic detection of insulation defects in distribution network cables, a 10kV single-core cable is taken as the target, and the uneven characteristics of magnetic field and the generation principle of current harmonics in the metal shielding layer are studied in the presence of insulation defects of cables, and the stability of the application of automatic detection technology for cable insulation defects is verified through simulation analysis and experiments. The harmonic data automation analysis technology based on the mean clustering algorithm is used to realize rapid detection and location of cable insulation defects, initially realizing the automated charged insulation detection and providing support for improving the stability and safety of power supply.

Multi-Energy Complementation and Energy Storage

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Power Allocation Strategy of Urban Rail Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Double-Layer Low-Pass Filter

WANG Yi, TANG Yuan, LIU Houlin, WANG Jinyu

2025, 45(4):  96-103.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.014

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In order to overcome the problems of power delay and power cycling caused by the traditional low-pass filter (LPF) power allocation strategy in the hybrid energy storage system(HESS) of urban rail transit, a power allocation strategy based on two-layer LPF is proposed for urban rail HESS. The first layer of LPF prevents the traction network from being impacted by removing the extreme components in the power fluctuation. The second layer adopts an improved second-order filter transfer function through LPF to optimize the cutoff characteristics at the handover frequency and eliminate the integral effect of the first-order filter during the high-frequency response. Compared with traditional methods, the double-layer filtering strategy can optimize the power output of energy storage devices, reduce overcharge and overdischarge phenomena, extend battery life, and improve the dynamic response capability of the system. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the voltage stability, energy-saving rate and response speed of the traction network, while reducing the depth of battery charging and discharging and prolonging the service life of energy storage devices.

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Performance Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Hydropower Station and Pumped Storage Joint Operation Based on AHP-TOPSIS

ZHOU Zhuan, BIAN Jiayu, YU Zhiyong, CHEN Heng, WU Hongshan

2025, 45(4):  104-111.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.015

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In order to scientifically evaluate the comprehensive performance of the joint operation of hydropower station and pumped storage, a multi-index comprehensive evaluation model based on the combination of analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS) is proposed. Firstly, from the five dimensions of economy, technology, environmental benefits, water conditions and policies, a comprehensive evaluation system of 11 indicators, including power generation efficiency, peak regulation capacity, carbon emission intensity, and changes in the amount of incoming water is constructed. Secondly, AHP is used to determine the weights of each index to reflect the differential influence of different dimensions, and the closeness of each operation scheme to the ideal solution is calculated through TOPSIS to realize the ranking of the advantages and disadvantages of the joint operation mode. Finally, the joint project of hydropower station and pumped storage in a certain region is taken as an example for verification and analysis. The results show that, compared with the traditional single evaluation method, the AHP-TOPSIS model can effectively take into account the subjective and objective factors, and quantify the evaluation results, among which the peak regulation capacity and dynamic payback period have a significant impact on the comprehensive performance. At the same time, the collaborative optimization of energy storage capacity allocation and scheduling strategy in the joint operation scheme can improve the comprehensive benefit of the system by more than 15%. The study results provide a theoretical basis for the scheme optimization and decision-making of hydropower-pumped storage joint operation in multi-energy complementary systems, and have practical significance for promoting the efficient utilization of clean energy.

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Experimental Study of a New Ultra-Thin Loop Heat Pipe

ZHANG Hanyu, LIU Zhichun

2025, 45(4):  112-118.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.016

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The increasing demand for high performance and thinness of mobile electronic devices has put forward higher requirements on the heat dissipation capability and thickness of loop heat pipes (LHPs). In order to meet the thermal management requirements of mobile electronic devices, a new type of ultra-thin flat-plate LHP with a thickness of 0.71 mm is designed and prepared, and the thermal performance of the system is experimentally tested under different thermal loads and air-cooling conditions with a filling rate of 38% and no gravitational inclination. The results show that the maximum heat transfer of the system reaches 16 W, and the system can be stably activated and shows good thermal response characteristics in the range of 4~16 W thermal input. The thermal resistance of the loop increases with the increase of thermal input, and the lowest value is 1.36 ℃/W. The study shows that the designed ultra-thin LHP can meet the heat dissipation demand of the chip with a peak power consumption of 16 W, and it has a significant potential for the application in the field of thermal management of mobile electronic devices.

Artificial Intelligence and Digitization in Electric Power

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A Method of Real-Time Insulator Defect Detection Based on Improved YOLOv5s Algorithm

YAO Chunmei, XI Yanhui

2025, 45(4):  119-125.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.017

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Aiming at the issues of large parameter count and slow inference speed, which is difficult to meet the demand for real-time online electric power inspection, and considering the complex environmental interferences such as the fog or low illumination during actual unmanned aerial vehicle inspection processes, an insulator defect detection method based on improved lightweight YOLOv5s is proposed. This method achieves a balance between model lightweighting and detection accuracy through a triple optimization strategy. Firstly, the YOLOv5s network is deeply optimized by using lightweight modules, which significantly reduces the model complexity. Secondly, the network adopts the bidirectional feature pyramid network structure to enhance the multi-scale feature fusion capability, and combines the SIoU loss function to improve detection accuracy and convergence speed. Finally, the synthetic fog algorithm is employed to effectively enhance the generalization performance of the model in complex environments. Experimental results show that the parameters, floating point operands and size of the proposed model are only 1.74×10⁶、3.5×10⁹ and 3.9 MB, and the mAP@0.5 reaches 92.8%.

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An Alarm Denoising Method for Network Security in Power Monitoring System Based on Rule-Statistical-Transformer Three-Stage Fusion

ZHU Hongyu, CHEN Qian, LI Mingguang, LUO Weiqiang

2025, 45(4):  126-132.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.018

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To reduce redundant alarms in the power monitoring system and improve the efficiency and accuracy of alarm analysis, an alarm denoising method based on rule-statistical-transformer three-stage fusion is developed in this study. Efficient and accurate false alarm identification is achieved through a layered filtering mechanism. First, false alarms with known patterns are rapidly screened using the rule matching engine, completing initial data cleaning. Second, duplicate alarms and periodic noise are detected through statistical analysis, accomplishing secondary noise reduction. Subsequently, in-depth semantic analysis of remaining alarms is performed by the transformer model, with complex false alarm patterns being captured via the attention mechanism. Finally, data are collected from a certain provincial company's network security platform for effect verification. The experimental results demonstrates that the proposed method significantly improves detection efficiency while maintaining accuracy. The execution time is reduced by over 15% for large-scale datasets.

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Electromagnetic Leakage Defense Method for Smart Grid Terminals Based on Noise Interference

LONG Yanbo, QIAO Hong, WANG Kaiyi, XIAO Jian, LIU Shuai

2025, 45(4):  133-142.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.019

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For potential electromagnetic leakage vulnerabilities in smart grid terminals, the mechanism and propagation path of electromagnetic leakage in smart grid terminal are systematically analyzed, revealing that the human body as a conductor forms common-mode coupling, which is the main channel for electromagnetic signal leakage. In view of the limitations of traditional defense methods in smart grid terminal scenarios, a defense method based on noise interference is proposed. A device is designed to inject random-frequency (below 100 Hz) and random-amplitude (1~3 V) interference signals into the human body through an electrostatic wristband. Experimental results show that the proposed defense method can effectively reduce information leakage via electromagnetic side channels, enhance the security of sensitive operation process in smart grid terminals (especially in distribution automation applications) and offer a new technical idea for the construction of information security protection systems in new power systems.

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Multi-Factor Short-Term Power Load Forecasting Based on Adversarial Training

LI Xiaoping, HE Lubing, SHANG Longkang

2025, 45(4):  143-150.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.04.020

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In order to improve the accuracy and stability of power load forecasting, a multi-factor power load forecasting model based on adversarial training is proposed for short-term power load forecasting. This method combines historical load data and the weather and other characteristics of the forecast day to predict the power load and enhances the robustness of the prediction model to adversarial samples through adversarial training. Experimental results on a public dataset show that this method outperforms similar methods that only consider historical load data in terms of prediction accuracy and shows better robustness to adversarial samples.