Abstract: To address the peak-valley imbalance and safety risks posed to distribution network operations by the disorderly integration of a high proportion of electric vehicles, an orderly charging strategy is proposed for electric vehicles that integrates the quantification of user psychological perceptions with the coordination of multi-stakeholder interests. Firstly, addressing the limitations of traditional demand price elasticity models in capturing users' multidimensional perceptions, fuzzy logic theory and the Weber-Fechner law are introduced to construct a quantitative model for user guidance difficulty,centred on charging price and current multiplier as core inputs, thereby achieving a refined representation of user response willingness. Secondly, based on the heterogeneous interests of the grid, operators, and users, a two-layer Stackelberg game model‘grid (upper layer)-operator-user (lower layer)’is constructed. Aiming to maximise benefits for all parties, the model employs the method of extremes to generate dynamically optimal electricity prices. Finally, case study analysis demonstrates that the proposed strategy effectively smooths load curves, reducing peak-to-off-peak differences by 38.9%. This achieves synergistic growth in grid, operator, and user revenues while enhancing grid operational security and economic efficiency.

Key words: orderly charging, user guidance, fuzzy logic, Stackelberg game, dynamic pricing