Table of Content

25 June 2024, Volume 44 Issue 3

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Invited Column:Digital Operation and Inspection Technology for Power Transmission and Transformation Equipment

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Remarks from Invited Editor in Chief

LI Peng, SHU Shengwen, QIU Zhibin

2024, 44(3):  1-2. 

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Simulation Analysis on Enclosure Vibration Characteristic Under Poor Busbar Contact Failure in Switchgear Cabinets

SHI Zhiwei, SHEN Zhong, QIU Yu, LI Peng, WU Tian

2024, 44(3):  3-8.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.001

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:In order to detect the bad contact fault of the busbar inside the switch cabinet, a simplified calculation model is established, and the transient magnetic field-structure field coupling simulation is carried out by using the finite element method to obtain the current density distribution of the busbar at the bonding position under normal conditions and different degrees of poor contact fault conditions, and the change law of the total electromagnetic force of the busbar is analyzed. The vibration acceleration of the monitoring points on the surface of the housing under normal and faulty conditions is studied, and the characteristic frequency response of the fault with poor contact is obtained. The results show that when the contact fault occurs, the electromagnetic force of the busbar is greatly reduced, resulting in the vibration signal of the housing is weakened, the amplitude of the fundamental frequency component of the vibration acceleration of 100 Hz is reduced by up to 25%, and the harmonic component of 200 Hz is generated.

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Transmission Channel Hill Fire Identification Method Based on Multi-Feature Fusion

YE Jun, QIU Zhibin, YANG Zeding, LAI Dongyang

2024, 44(3):  9-14.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.002

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:According to the daily inspection requirements of power grid, a method of transmission channel fire identification based on multi-feature fusion is proposed to solve the problem of frequent transmission channel fire trip.The images of transmission line wildfires are enhanced by gamma transform and Sobel operator, and multistage segmentation algorithm consisting of superpixel segmentation, region growth method and morphological processing are used to obtain the images of flame regions. The color and texture features are extracted from segmented flame images and fused using a serial feature fusion approach and a BP neural network classifier is trained to achieve recognition of transmission channel wildfires. Experimental results demonstrate an overall accuracy rate of 92.7% for the proposed method, providing valuable guidance for power operation and maintenance personnel in monitoring fire incidents within transmission channels.

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Research on Transformer Oil-Paper Insulation State Assessment by Integrating Intelligent Algorithm and Frequency Domain Dielectric Spectroscopy

ZHOU Yujian, DING Zheshi

2024, 44(3):  15-24.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.003

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:This paper proposes a novel approach for assessing the insulation condition of transformers by combining the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) with an extended Cole-Cole model. The method is applied to extract feature parameters for the evaluation of insulation states in laboratory samples and transformers. Initially, frequency domain spectroscopy messages are collected from insulation samples in different states. Subsequently,uncoupling analysis is performed on the extended Cole-Cole model to distinguish various dielectric response behaviors. The NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm is then utilized to solve the extended Cole-Cole model and separate the feature parameters, which are further refined using the Pearson correlation coefficient method. Finally, based on the obtained feature parameters, insulation state assessments are conducted on laboratory samples and on-site transformers using neural network tools. The results demonstrate that this intelligent algorithm-based approach, coupled with frequency domain spectroscopy, has high accuracy and applicability in evaluating the insulation condition of transformer oil-paper insulation.

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Research Progress on Safety Performance Improvement of Lithium-Ion Batteries

HE Dan, HU Xiongxiong, CUI Hao

2024, 44(3):  25-33.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.004

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:Aiming at the thermal runaway of lithium ion battery and fire fighting technology, the existing types of fire extinguishing agents are introduced, their fire extinguishing mechanism and advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, the mechanism and evolution process of thermal runaway of lithium ion battery are studied, and the future of lithium ion battery fire extinguishing agents is prospected.The research results show that these fire extinguishing agents meet the basic characteristics of extinguishing open fire when dealing with lithium-ion battery fires, but there are still different degrees of reignition risk, fire extinguishing time and flame retardant effect are not the same,in addition some fire extinguishing agents will have a negative impact on the environment and equipment after use. Therefore, the development of new fire extinguishing agents with high efficiency,environmental protection and anti-reignition characteristics is an inevitable trend of future research.

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Simulation Analysis of Contamination Accumulation Characteristics of XP-70 Porcelain Insulator

DENG Yongqing, HUANG Daochun, RUAN Jiangjun, KUANG Yanjun

2024, 44(3):  34-39.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.005

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:Three pieces of XP-70 porcelain insulator string are taken as research objects, a numerical wind tunnel simulation model is established. Based on the Euler gas-solid two-phase flow analysis model, the pollution volume fraction is used to evaluate the pollution degree of the insulators, and the pollution characteristics of XP-70 insulators are analyzed by numerical simulation.The results show that the static pressure on the windward side of the insulator is the largest, and it collides with the pollution particles fiercely. At the same time, when the air fluid passes through the insulator, it is easy to form backflow on the leeward side and bottom of the insulator under the effect of turbulence. With the increase of pollution concentration, the pollution degree of the pollution monitoring points on the surface of insulator increases. The amount of pollution on the wind-ward side, leeward side and bottom area of the insulator increases with the increase of the wind speed and particle size, while the pollution amount of the pollution monitoring points on the cross wind area of the insulator decreases with the increase of the wind speed and particle size.

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Characterization Method of Paper Insulation Aging State at Transformer Hot Spots Based on Genetic Algorithm and Finite Element Simulation

LU Bingrong, WANG Qingyin

2024, 44(3):  40-47.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.006

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:Current assessment method based on frequency domain dielectric spectrum(FDS)cannot reflect the aging state of the insulation at the hot spots. Therefore,an“inverse model”is proposed by combining multi-objective genetic algorithm and finite element simulation method to obtain the aging information of paper insulation in high-temperature areas of transformers.A finite element model of oil-paper insulation under non-uniform aging is constructed,which can establish the mapping relationship between the aging state of oil-paper insulation and FDS data in different aging regions. Based on the measured FDS data of the oil-paper insulation system,a multi-objective genetic algorithm is designed to solve the parameter distribution in the finite element model.The validation experiment results show that the extracted parameters of the FEM simulation model can well characterize the aging state of the paper insulation in the hot spot area and the relative error of the model is less than 7% under laboratory conditions.

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Sensing Mechanism of Pt-HfSe₂ for Detecting SF₆ Decomposition Components

HU Xiongxiong, ZOU Lingwei, ZHANG Xiaolin, CUI Hao

2024, 44(3):  48-54.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.007

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:By detecting SF₆ decomposition components, the operating state of the equipment can be effectively evaluated, and the safe and stable operation of the equipment can be guaranteed. Based on the first principles, Pt-HfSe₂ is proposed to detect SO₂ and SOF₂, and the adsorption and sensing mechanism of PT-HFSE₂ on the two gas components is studied, so as to explore its application potential as a resistive gas sensor to evaluate the operating status of SF₆ electrical equipment. The results show that the adsorption performance of Pt-HfSe₂ on SO₂ is stronger than that of SOF₂, and the two gases have better desorption performance on the surface of Pt-HfSe₂, which can ensure the reuse of the sensor material. Pt-HfSe₂ has the conditions to be developed as new SO₂ and SOF₂ gas sensors, which can be used to evaluate the operating status of SF₆ electrical equipment, providing theoretical support for the research of HFSE₂-based gas sensors, and providing a new idea for the application of new nano-sensor components to the fault diagnosis of power equipment.

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Intelligent Assessment Methods of Regional Transmission Networks Pollution State Based on LSTM and ArcGIS

WEN Silun, ZHANG Chuyan, DIAO Mingguang, ZHOU Zhen'an, XU Huiyong, LIU Huifang

2024, 44(3):  55-63.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.008

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:In order to improve the pollution flashover prevention level of power system, this paper takes the assessment method of pollution state on insulator surface of overhead transmission lines in Beijing as the research object, and proposes a dynamic intelligent assessment method of regional pollution degree based on meteorological conditions and salt density data distribution. First, this paper analyzes the main external factors affecting insulator surface pollution, and uses grey correlation analysis to select six factors with the highest correlation degree. Secondly, a prediction model of insulator pollution degree based on long short-term memory neural network is established in this paper. The prediction results of this model are in good agreement with the measured data, which can well reflect the pollution state of insulators in power grid. Finally, by combining meteorological conditions with geographic information, this paper draws the forecast map of pollution area distribution in Beijing with ArcGIS, and realizes the dynamic expression of pollution degree evaluation. Moreover, a miniature natural fouling platform is built on campus to verify the proposed method. The results show that the research work in this paper can realize the periodic dynamic change monitoring of pollution degree data of regional transmission grid, predict the occurrence location of heavy pollution areas in advance, and help to improve the predictability, accuracy and intelligence level of anti-pollution flasticity work of power grid.

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Calculation and Numerical Fitting of Heat Transfer Coefficient for 110~500 kV Zinc Oxide Arrester

LIU Bo, ZHANG Xiaojing, GONG Yong, YANG Xinghong, GUO Dongkai, CAI Wei

2024, 44(3):  64-69.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.009

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:In view of the faults caused by aging, moisture or short circuit of zinc oxide arrester during long-term operation, a typical electrothermal coupling model is established based on the parameters of 110~500 kV arrester. The multi-physical field simulation modeling method of lightning arrester is introduced, and the calculation method of convective heat transfer coefficient on the outer wall of zinc oxide lightning arrester based on the outflow field is proposed. The change rule and function of convective heat transfer coefficient of porcelain and composite jacket zinc oxide lightning arrester are obtained. The validity of the calculation results of convective heat transfer coefficient is verified by comparing the electro-thermal coupling calculation with the three-dimensional fluid-thermal coupling temperature field calculation. It can provide numerical reference for multi-physical field simulation of arrester.

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Insulator Corona Analysis Method Based on UAV-Borne UV Image Data

WANG Shenli, WU Jun, LI Xiaolai, WANG Weidong

2024, 44(3):  70-74.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.010

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:The use of UAV-borne UV imaging equipment to obtain the operating status of insulators has become an important means for line operation and maintenance personnel. Based on the UV image data of UAV, this paper adopts video analysis and digital image processing algorithm to extract the image parameters to obtain UV image information and analyzes the situation of insulator corona. The results show that this method can meet the needs of field detection and achieve the best detection effect when the observation distance is 4m and the gain is 60%.,and it helps to establish a more accurate corona analysis method and improve the application range of UV-borne UV sensing.

Researches and Tests

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Study on Surface Discharge Characteristics of Cleaning Agent Wetting Layer for Composite Insulator

WU Tian, LIU Xinyuan

2024, 44(3):  75-82.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.011

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:In order to study the surface discharge characteristics under the condition of insulation cleaning agent, three kinds of silicone rubber samples are completely soaked with water and cleaning agent, respectively, and the flashover voltage and leakage current of the samples are measured. Then, scanning electron microscopes and energy dispersive spectrometers are used to analyze the changes of structural components on the surface of the pollution layer. Finally, the arc emission spectrum of surface discharge is collected, and the effect of insulation cleaning agent on surface arc channel is analyzed by arc image extraction algorithm. The test results show that with the increase of pollution grade, the effect of insulation cleaning agent on surface discharge of wet pollution layer is more obvious. For the surface of the wet dirty layer, the insulating cleaning agent spreads and covers itself to form a dense protective film, and penetrates into it, preventing the soluble salt from dissolving, ionizing and exciting in the water, and volatilizing absorbs the heat of the surface dirty layer and prevents the electronic transition inside the dirty layer. For the arc channel, the insulation cleaning agent will further aggravate the distortion degree with the increase of pollution level, accelerate the energy dissipation of the arc channel, and strengthen the inhibition effect.

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Study on Release Characteristics of Nitrogen Oxide During Sludge and Slime Mixed Burning Process

WANG Cong, HE Honghao, QIU Hua, WEI Yufan, WANG Xin, XU Jun, LING Peng

2024, 44(3):  83-88.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.012

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:The output of sludge and slime is large, and both have the characteristics of high water and high ash. The sludge is particularly prone to ignition due to its elevated volatile matter, while coal slime can maintain combustion with a relatively higher fixed carbon content and the co-combustion and disposal of these two materials present substantial advantages. This study explores nitrogen oxide release characteristics of a typical industrial sludge (DL) and Lingshi coal sludge (LSS) during individual combustion and co-combustion with varying mixing ratios in a vertical fixed-bed reaction system. The results show that the main forms of nitrogen in DL are pyrrole nitrogen (N-5), protein nitrogen (N-P) and pyridine nitrogen (N-6), while the main forms of nitrogen in LSS are nitrogen oxide functional groups (N-X), pyrrole nitrogen (N-5) and protolated pyridine nitrogen (N-Q). When the two fuels are burned separately, the NO conversion rate of LSS is 6~30 times that of DL, and there is an interaction between the two fuels. The completion time of NO release in the 1∶1 mixed combustion is earlier than that in the separate combustion. The mixing ratio also has a significant effect on the release of NO.When the mixing ratio of DL is 20%, it can inhibit the release of NO.

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Research on Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Method of Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Sparrow Search Algorithm

HAO Luxi, LIU Lin, LIU Baiyang, SUN Jieyi, WANG Huijuan

2024, 44(3):  89-95.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.013

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:In order to solve the problem of inaccurate short-term power prediction of wind power caused by stochastic and fluctuating wind power, a short-term wind power prediction method based on bi-directional long short-term memory of variational mode decomposition and sparrow search algorithm is proposed.Firstly, the wind power in the historical data is decomposed into several sub-sequences by using variational mode decomposition, and each element in the sub-sequence corresponds to a historical meteorological data vector at a certain moment, which forms the original data matrixs.Then, the bidirectional long short-term memory of sparrow search algorithm power prediction method is used to model several original data matrices respectively, and the optimal parameters of bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) are automatically found by using sparrow search algorithm, and finally the prediction results are superimposed to form the final prediction results. Based on the actual operation data of a wind farm in Hunan province, the simulation results show that the root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error of the proposed model in this article are reduced by 77.29%, 75.52% and 75.04% respectively compared with the BiLSTM model, which can effectively improve the short-term power prediction accuracy of the wind farm.

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Optimization Strategy of Low Harmonic Content Trapezoidal Modulation for Quasi-Z-Source Inverter

YI Wenjing, ZHANG Yang, YANG Yuxin, LUO Zhaoxu, CHENG Zhun

2024, 44(3):  96-104.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.014

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:A trapezoidal waveform-based optimization strategy is proposed in this paper to address the problems of harmonic pollution and high voltage stress on power devices in quasi-Z-source inverter. The modulation strategy improves the electrical energy quality by selecting the appropriate ladder shaping rate while ensuring the voltage utilization of the DC-link voltage and significantly reducing the total harmonic wave deformation of the quasi-Z-source inverter output current. In addition, the selection of a trapezoidal waveform as the modulating waveform can effectively reduce the voltage stress on the capacitors and power devices in the quasi-Z-source network. The proposed modulation strategy is simulated and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink software to ensure its correctness and effectiveness. Finally, the trapezoidal waveform-based modulation strategy is further validated by the RT-LAB experimental platform.

New Technology and Application

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Assessment Method of Health Status for Photovoltaic Power Station Sensor Based on Information Fusion and One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network

YANG Fangliao, HUANG Xin, TAN Hongzhi, MIN Qi, ZHU Shi, YAN Lei

2024, 44(3):  105-113.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.015

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:This paper addresses challenge issues of current sensor fault diagnosis methods, including dependence on expert knowledge, ignorance of spatiotemporal correlations with bypass terminals and redundant feature impacts. An approach for sensor health assessment is consequently proposed, utilizing information fusion and one-dimensional convolutional neural networks. Firstly four types of sensor characteristics are selected according to the strong correlation with photovoltaic power prediction,which are statistical features of sensor data streams, temporal characteristics of sensor data streams, data characteristics of bypass terminal, and weather forecast data. Subsequently, a random forest algorithm is employed to select the core features of the sensors. Finally, health status assessment models are separately trained for the two types of sensors. Experimental results demonstrates that the proposed method has achieved accuracy of 99.29% and 99.07% respectively in the health status assessment of temperature and light intensity sensor.

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Research on Power Distribution Strategy of Multi-Energy Storage Converters Based on Consensus Algorithm

WANG Can, DENG Wenhua, XIA Xiangyang, ZHANG Kan, CHEN Gang, HU Zhiran

2024, 44(3):  114-119.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.016

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:In order to solve the problem that the centralized controller cannot quickly and flexibly allocate power to power conversion system(PCS) due to the increasing number of PCS in battery energy storage system, a distributed power allocation strategy based on consistency algorithm is proposed in this paper. The strategy takes into account the state of charge balance and operation efficiency of each battery unit, iteratively calculates the power instruction value of each battery unit according to the consistency algorithm, and takes the absolute error of the power instruction in the iteration of adjacent units as the convergence criterion to determine the end of the iteration, so as to realize the power allocation of each PCS to meet the specific requirements in different scenarios. Finally, the cycle life loss, capacity reserve and energy loss of the proposed strategy are compared with the existing power allocation strategies, and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in the peak load balancing scenario is verified by simulation.

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Seismic Performance Simulation Analysis and Optimization Design of Tank Circuit Breaker

CHEN Yu, GAO Yang, SHEN Fenghui, XU Meng, LIU Yuntong

2024, 44(3):  120-125.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.017

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:Taking a 363 kV tank circuit breaker as the research object, the three-dimensional solid model is built according to the design drawings, and the seismic response spectrum with the seismic level of AG5 is applied to the model by using Ansys Workbench software for finite element analysis, and the simulation results under the combined condition of seismic loads are obtained. The structure is optimized and the seismic performance before and after optimization is compared and analyzed. The results show that the optimized tank circuit breaker can meet the seismic performance requirements of AG5 level, strengthening the support is beneficial to increase the natural frequency of the tank circuit breaker structure. After structural optimization, the stress level of the main components is reduced, and the maximum displacement response of the top of the bushing decreases from 90.072mm to 66.342 mm, which is more favorable to long-term safe and stable operation of tank circuit breaker equipment.

Experience and Discussion

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Optimized Allocation of Source-Load-Storage-Integrated Park Resource and Its Offer Strategy of Participation in Spot Trading

ZHOU Yu, WU Haiyan, QI Junli, CHEN Xiyu, XIANG Sheng, LIU Yuqing

2024, 44(3):  126-135.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.018

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:At present,the resource allocation of the source-load-storage integration park has a single consideration, and the market trading strategy is not flexible enough, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of the new power system construction. For this reason, this paper studies the optimal allocation of resources in a source-load-storage integrated park and its participation in spot trading offer strategy.Firstly,the flexible adjustment characteristics of the park are analyzed, and a framework for the park's participation in spot market transactions is proposed. Second,a two-layer configuration model of the park under the spot market is constructed by comprehensively considering the economic performance and green and low-carbon indicators. The upper-layer model optimizes the allocation of wind and energy storage capacity of the park to minimize the construction cost of the park. The lower-layer model optimizes the power purchase and sale strategy, energy storage, and flexible load operation strategy of the park to minimize the power purchase cost of the park. Finally, a typical scenario is set up for optimization calculation, and the simulation results show that, the park participating in the spotmarket compared with the park not participating in the spot market, the resource allocation and resource regulation strategy of the park is more flexible, the annual total construction cost of the park is reduced by 2.86%, and the daily total cost of power purchase and sale is reduced by 17.34%.

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Efficient Consumption Methods of Multi-Area Distributed Photovoltaic Energy for Active Distribution Network with Differentiated Scheduling for Cloud Energy Storage

ZHOU Zhongyu, KONG Xiaomin, HAO Pei, WANG Xiaodong, ZHANG Ning, SU Chuanchuan

2024, 44(3):  136-144.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.019

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:In order to take into account the interests of both cloud energy storage operators and regional microgrid energy storage users, this paper proposes a multi-area distributed photovoltaic efficient elimination method for cloud energy storage differential regulation of active distribution network, and establishes a two-layer optimization model according to the different focused problems. The upper model takes the operating cost of cloud energy storage power station as the optimization goal, and decides the differential energy storage price of multi-area microgrid. The lower model optimizes the power cost of microgrid in different regions based on energy storage price, and improves the distributed photovoltaic utilization of microgrid. Finally, the model is solved by combining genetic algorithm and Gurobi solver. The analysis of the example shows that the differential regulation for cloud energy storage is beneficial to improve distributed photovoltaic absorption rate of multi region for distribution network while taking into account the interests of both cloud energy storage power station and regional microgrid.

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Business Expansion Decision Based on Accurate Calculation of Available Capacity for Distribution Station Area

LIAO He

2024, 44(3):  145-150.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2024.03.020

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:To solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of available capacity in the expansion and installation business of the power marketing industry, resulting in insufficient utilization of equipment resources and low operational efficiency in distribution station area, a method based on load feature clustering for calculating available capacity in distribution station area and decision-making for expansion and installation is proposed. Based on the gateway data of the power system distribution station area and the load data of electricity customers, the paper analyzes the electrical timing and construct a typical industry feature library, accurately calculates the available capacity of the distribution station area, provides the optimal access decision for new users in the distribution station area, and provides guidance for the business expansion work of power companies. Case study results show that this method can be used to make the optimal access load decision in the industry expansion application, and the access load can be operated stably without immediate modification, which can effectively prolong the service life of distribution transformers and improve economic benefits.