湖南电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 33-41.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.06.005

• 专家专栏:电力防灾减灾 • 上一篇    下一篇

输变电绝缘子覆冰问题与防治技术综述

王占鑫1,2, 张楚岩1, 于昕哲2, 邓禹2   

  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京),北京 100083;
    2.中国电力科学研究院,北京 100192
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-17 修回日期:2025-11-22 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2026-01-13
  • 通信作者: 张楚岩(1986),男,博士(后),副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术、电工装备与材料、智能电网技术等。
  • 作者简介:王占鑫(2002),男,博士研究生在读,主要研究方向为输电线路外绝缘及防护。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52377162)

Review of Icing Issues and Prevention and Control Technologies for Power Transmission and Transformation Insulators

WANG Zhanxin1,2, ZHANG Chuyan1, YU Xinzhe2, DENG Yu2   

  1. 1. China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
  • Received:2025-11-17 Revised:2025-11-22 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2026-01-13

摘要: 绝缘子覆冰是威胁电网安全运行的重大自然灾害,尤其对西电东送等战略工程所经高海拔重冰区构成严峻挑战。为此,系统综述了绝缘子覆冰领域的核心研究进展:首先阐述覆冰的物理机理及其受水滴运动、环境参数与电场作用的耦合影响规律;进而分析覆冰绝缘子的闪络特性,揭示其非线性电压特性及电弧发展过程;最后,归纳并评价结构优化、主动除冰与被动防护三类防冰措施的适用性与局限性。当前研究在微观覆冰物理、多物理场耦合模型及极端环境下绝缘子适应性方面仍存在不足,未来应聚焦于智能防冰技术与全链条风险预警体系的构建,以支撑未来电网的可靠运行。

关键词: 绝缘子覆冰, 闪络, 防治技术, 在线监测, 智能电网

Abstract: Ice covering on insulators is a major natural disaster that poses a threat to the safe operation of power grids, especially posing a severe challenge to the high-altitude and heavily ice-covered areas that strategic projects such as the West-to-East Power Transmission pass through. For this reason, this article systematically reviews the core research progress in the field of insulator icing. Firstly, it elaborates on the physical mechanism of icing and the coupling influence laws of its interaction with water droplet movement, environmental parameters, and electric fields. Then, the flashover characteristics of icing insulators are analyzed to reveal their nonlinear voltage characteristics and the development process of arcs. Finally, it summarizes and evaluates the applicability and limitations of three types of anti-icing measures, that is, structural optimization, active de-icing, and passive protection. The article points out that current research still lacks in the aspects of microscopic icing physics, multi-physical field coupling models, and insulators adaptability in extreme environments. In the future, efforts should be focused on the construction of intelligent anti-icing technology and the construction of a full-chain risk early warning system to support the reliable operation of future power grids.

Key words: insulator icing, flashover, prevention and control technology, online monitoring, smart grid

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