Overview of Control Technologies for Grid-Forming Wind Turbines

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2025.02.001

Abstract

Abstract: When traditional grid-following turbines are connected to the power grid on a large scale, issues such as a decline in the short-circuit ratio of the grid, weakened synchronization support capability, and reduced system inertia may arise. Grid-forming wind power generation technologies can mitigate fluctuations in system voltage and frequency, thereby improving the overall safety and stability of power system operation. Firstly, the grid-forming control system frameworks of two typical wind turbines are analyzed: the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Based on the most common control strategies, including droop control, virtual synchronous control, and model predictive control, the advantages and disadvantages of these two frameworks are discussed in terms of inertia support capability, overload capacity, and stability. Subsequently, from the perspective of performance improvement, the frequency regulation, voltage control, and robustness of the two models are compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the research progress in control performance enhancement technologies for grid-forming wind turbines are summarized and the future research directions and the key technical challenges that need to be addressed are explored, aiming to provide insights and references for the advancement of grid-forming technologies.

Key words: doubly-fed induction generator, permanent magnet synchronous generator, grid-forming control technologies, performance improvement

CLC Number:

TM615

WANG Yuwei, WEI Juan, HUANG Sheng, CHEN Daojun, QIU Fengliang. Overview of Control Technologies for Grid-Forming Wind Turbines[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2025, 45(2): 3-12.

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