Abstract: In response to the lack of quantitative analysis on the fire detection capability and spatial reliabil‍ity of spaceborne infrareduncooled systems in existing research, which limits the development of wildfire monitoring satellites, the infrared remote sensing imaging principle is utilized to systematically compare the fire detection capabilities of spaceborne infrared non cooling and cooling systems through theoretical derivation and ground combustion experiments, while analyzing the reliability of uncooledspace.The results indicate that both uncooled and cooled infrared detectors can detect sub-pixel targets with a temperature of 473 K occupying at least 1/9 of a pixel in blackbody radiation. In the case of real burning materials, both types can detect wildfire targets that occupy 1/36 of a pixel, with the minimum signal‍‍‍-to-clutter ratiofor wood being 14dB.For a small wildfire satellite operating at an altitude of 500 km with a resolution of 60 meters, the spaceborne uncooled infrared detector is capable of detecting small area wildfires on the order of 10 meters.Additionally, results from spatial thermal experiments demonstrate that maintaining temperature control within 1 ℃ on orbit allows uncooled detectors to maintain good spatial reliability. This provides valuable scientific guidance for constructing low earth orbit infrared satellite constellations for wildfire detection, ultimately improving the spatiotemporal accuracy of monitoring wildfires along transmis‍sion lines and ensuring the stable and safe operation of the power grid.

Key words: uncooled infrared, signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR), wildfire detection, power grid