Abstract: Biomass co-firing, green ammonia co-firing, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) have been identified as the three key pathways for the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power. However, the practical promotion and application of these technologies is facing multiple constraints. For instance, biomass co-firing is limited by the volatility of raw material supply and the lack of boiler adaptability, green ammonia co-firing is economically unfeasible due to the high cost of green ammonia production, and CCUS is hindered by energy consumption and the lack of a CO₂ utilization market. To address these difficulties, this paper proposes optimization countermeasures for the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power from three dimensions: technological innovation, economic optimization, and policy synergy. It aims to synergistically promote the application of biomass co-firing, green ammonia co-firing and CCUS, facilitating the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power.

Key words: coal-fired power decarbonization, biomass co-firing, green ammonia co-firing, carbon capture,utilization and storage (CCUS)