Virtual Inertia Model Predictive Control Method for Multi-port Energy Routing System

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0198.2026.05.012

Abstract

Abstract: The multi-port energy routing system with a common DC bus is an effective approach for aggregating and regulating heterogeneous sources and loads. The stability of the DC bus voltage is critical for enabling the system to withstand renewable energy fluctuations and sudden load changes. To improve the DC voltage stability of the energy routing system under highly fluctuating source-load conditions, a virtual inertia optimization control strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. A state-space model for the virtual inertia control system is established, incorporating dynamic voltage constraints and system evolution trends within the optimization horizon. Furthermore, a variable virtual inertia coefficient based on dynamic feedback correction of power and DC voltage deviations is proposed, enabling predictive regulation that suppresses DC voltage deviations while accelerating voltage recovery. A simulation model of the multi-port energy routing system is built in MATLAB/Simulink. Compared with traditional droop control and fixed virtual inertia control, the simulation results verify that the proposed method can effectively suppress sudden DC bus voltage variations, accelerate voltage recovery, and improve the dynamic response performance of the DC bus voltage under random port source-load power fluctuations. The proposed method can provides a valuable theoretical reference and technical support for flexible regulation of distribution networks and stable operation of substation DC systems under high-penetration renewable energy integration.

Key words: multi-port energy routing system, DC bus voltage, virtual inertia, model predictive control

CLC Number:

TM714.2

LIANG Weichen, LI Xuan, WANG Yajuan, YUAN Dengjia, WANG Jie, HUANG Wentao. Virtual Inertia Model Predictive Control Method for Multi-port Energy Routing System[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2026, 46(5): 95-102.

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